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Last March, a powerful earthquake shook the Fukushima province of Japan and sparked a tsunami that caused three of the six reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant to shut down. Many followed the aftermath as these reactors experienced meltdowns and radiation was sent into the atmosphere, making it the second worst nuclear disaster after Chernobyl. In the months that followed, I wondered what happened to all that radiation: Is it was safe to visit the area? Is radiation making its way towards the U.S.?

Recently, I completed an assignment for another publication on Fukushima and got to learn more about the aftermath.

The meltdowns sent radioactive forms of iodine and cesium into the air and nearby water. Radioactive iodine is generally absorbed through food and has a half-life of a week. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for a material to decrease by half. The worry was that nearby grass was contaminated; meaning the milk produced by local cows contained the radioactive form of this element. From what I learned, authorities quickly stopped the production of milk in the province to ensure little exposure to iodine.

What's left now is the cancer causing radioactive cesium, which has a half-life of 30 years. Through air and water cesium will slowly spread to other countries and eventually globally, exposing many. But it will get so diluted in the process, that the scientists I spoke to believe that on an individual level, the chances of having cesium induced illnesses will be low.

What could be done as far as cleanup? Well, in addition to removing contaminated topsoil in the province and making sure similar disasters don't happen, not much. But authorities do need to closely monitor food and water supply to make sure what we ingest isn't contaminated.

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The absence of debate about energy policy in the Republican primaries, a Quadrennial Technology Review that sparked little conversation, and the ongoing Solyndra drama may give some the impression that the U.S. has gotten out of the solar power game. In fact, U.S. companies and the U.S. government are in the midst of building a number of large-scale solar projects, it’s just that they’re building all of them outside of the United States.

In Namibia, a group of U.S. energy investment companies have begun building the largest solar plant in the Southern Hemisphere. The plant will cost between $1.5 and $2 billion to construct, take two years to finish, and turn out 500 megawatts of power.

Meanwhile, in Thailand, OPIC, the U.S. government’s foreign investment arm, recently approved $250 million for 51 solar plants in Thailand. Ranging in size from one megawatt to 50 megawatts, these plants would generate a total of 520 megawatts.

Also near the Equator, the U.S. Trade and Development Agency has put out a call for vendors to build a 20 megawatt hybrid wind/solar park in Columbia. While not nearly as large as the Namibia plant or as comprehensive as the Thailand plan, the Columbian park would almost double the renewable energy in the country, which currently only reaps 28 megawatts of power from non-hydropower renewable sources.

The message is clear: The U.S. government has fully and monetarily supports the expansion of solar power, just so long as that expansion occurs outside America’s borders.

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With rebel forces routing out the final remnants of Qaddafi's regime, it appears as though the Libyan civil war has reached its end game. To avoid the violent chaos or return to autocracy that follows so many revolutions, Middle East professor Juan Cole has advocated that the new Free Libyan government turn to solar power. Cole argues that building up an alternative energy sector could put Libyans to work, utilize currently unprofitable stretches of Libya's vast desert, and help wean the country off of an undiversified petroleum economy.

Not only would this help Libya, but it could prove a useful model for Egypt and Tunisia, who also need increased employment and revenue to prevent their revolutions from devolving into chaos. For their part, European countries like Germany have both begun to shy away from nuclear power and faced problems with the importation of Russian oil and natural gas, making solar energy from across the Mediterranean a more attractive solution than ever before.

It's not the first time someone has proposed this. Before this year's tumult, the Libyan government had already unveiled plans for a $3 billion energy hub that would route solar power to Europe. Egypt has a similar program brewing 56 miles south of Cairo in Kuraymat.

If there's one thing Arab countries have in common, it's a lot of sun, and a lot of desert otherwise sitting around uselessly. By developing a solar power industry, the countries of the Arab Spring could help diversify their income, stabilize their political situations, generate revenue, work to reduce climate change, help Europe move to green energy, and put their newly free people to work. That's a lot of birds to kill with only one stone.

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Earlier this year, Germany announced that it would phase out nuclear power by 2020 in favor of renewable sources of energy. The announcement came at the right time; less than two months after the world had watched the failure of Japan's Fukushima plants. While the news of the Germany's vow to end nuclear power excited some, many wondered, what becomes of the spent plants?

Here's one creative solution: turn it into an amusement park!

Germany's Wunderland Kalkar is one such project. Originally built in 1972, the plant was designed to output 327 megawatts of energy. However, safety concerns and accidents, such as the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, delayed and eventually ended operations. In 1991, the complex—whose area is about 80 soccer fields--was officially closed and remained unused until an investor purchased it and set up an amusement park.

Wunderland Kalkar's grounds offer 40 attractions that include a Ferris wheel and roller coaster. Making use of existing structure, a swing ride is mounted inside a cooling tower and a climbing wall is set up on the outside of the tower, giving the park's thousands of visitors each year a unique experience.

If Wunderland Kalkar is an indication, maybe there will be 17 nuclear-turned-amusement parks by 2020? Probably not, but it's a nice idea.

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Author: James Knight

As one Arab state after another convulses with revolution, the importance of the energy sector to countries in the region becomes starkly apparent. Tunisia and Egypt, countries with no oil exports, succumbed to revolution first. Syria and Yemen, which also export no oil, and Libya, which historically produced less oil than any other Arab member of OPEC, teeter on the brink. Meanwhile Saudi Arabia, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates have managed to stave off successful revolt.

The link between survival and energy seems to have pushed those oil-rich Gulf States to hedge their bets with investments in alternative energy. After all, they very well can't maintain power if the rest of the world stops using the resource that funds their control.

To this end, Saudi Arabia has announced plans to produce solar power equal to the energy generated by its oil exports. Considering Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil exporter, that's a lot of solar power. The UAE has also invested heavily in solar power, with its 10 MW solar plant reaching all its performance goals, and with a 100 MW concentrated solar plant on pace to begin operations next year.

These developments are clear signs that the nations who profit most from fossil fuels believe that both supply in, and demand for, oil will begin to decline sooner rather than later. Whether or not Saudi Arabia and the UAE meet their alternative energy goals remains to be seen, but the fact that they are even thinking about it shows how quickly the clock is ticking towards the end of oil.

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Officials in China have announced that the country is expected to double its solar capacity from five to 10 gigawatts by 2015.

China is a leading producer of solar panels most of which are exported to other countries.

Currently, most of the country's power comes from coal, followed by crude oil and hydro power but the drop in the price of the solar energy, which is about 10 to 20 percent every year, could change this equation significantly.

"This is to say in 2015 the cost of supplying solar electricity is basically about the same as our electricity fees right now," says Hao Guoqiang, vice president of the Shanghai Solar Energy Research Center. "That will be an era whereby solar energy is used on a large scale."

Such shift in energy source could have a significant environmental impact by a country that is currently the largest consumer of coal and the largest carbon dioxide emitter in the world. And if the drop in the price of solar energy continues, clean energy sources will hopefully tip the scale in other large CO2 emitters, such as the United States, European Union and Russia.

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The United States is on track to having one million electric cars on the road by 2015, according to the Department of Energy. One of President Obama's campaign pledges, the goal is to expand the usage of alternative vehicles and utilize cleaner energy to power transportation. And with crude oil topping $109 a barrel this week, the option is looking more attractive to consumers than before.


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To help reach this target, the President has proposed a rebate of $7,500 for electric car buyers. Currently, this amount can be claimed as a tax credit. But receiving the money quicker could stimulate demand for plug-in vehicles.

Additionally, the administration is providing loans and grants to the auto industry to increase their production of electric batteries and to install charging stations to meet the foreseeable need.

"If you look at the plans of the major automotive manufacturers, there's a clear pathway to a million vehicles," said David Sandalow, Assistant Energy Secretary, in an address to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in Detroit.

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KamkwambaA few weeks ago, I was at an event where William Kamkwamba spoke. I didn't know who he was before then, but soon realized I should have. Kamkwamba is a young Malawian inventor who in 2002 built a windmill--from materials he collected in a scrapyard behind his elementary school--to power appliances in his home.

In his talk, Kamkwamba explained that due to financial hardship he had to drop out of school at a young age and so learned how to build things on his own. He perused books in his local library and, because he didn't speak much English, mostly studied diagrams and schematics.

Since then, Kamkwamba has built two more windmills and a solar-powered water pump that supplies drinking water to his village of Masitala in Malawi. Kamkwamba, who gained international fame for his work, is now a student at Dartmouth College.

Kamkwamba's story made me think of two things. First that building systems to harness alternative energy is not some out of reach goal that's only conceived in high tech research institutions. And secondly, to make clean energy a major player in our world, we have to focus not just on technology but also on education--especially in developing countries. Kamkwamba's persistence and curiosity to self-educate is impressive. But the reality is without an opportunity to learn, many such talents and inventive ideas could go to waste.

Published in 2009, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope, tells Kamkwamba's story.

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After years of debate over safety concerns, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has finally approved the Westinghouse AP1000 reactor for production. This seems in keeping with the recent State of the Union address, wherein President Obama mentioned nuclear power as an important component of a carbon-free future for energy. But the legal red tape needed to move the AP1000 along in the approval process, and the length it need to go before a plant actually starts producing power, highlights the difficulty of fulfilling Obama's request.

Designed with passive safety measures that, in theory, would operate even in the event of systems failure, the AP1000 seems safer than most nuclear power plants. However, the design of some of those passive safety features, like a layer of air that effectively turns the reactor into a giant thermos, could potentially make a disaster much worse should those passive systems fail.

Writing in >the New York Times, Matthew Wald goes into greater detail about the specifics of the safety issues, but sums it all at the end by noting that opponents of the AP1000 plan on continuing their attempt to block its construction.

However, what the New York Times doesn't mention may say the most about the nuclear power infrastructure in America. Namely, that China has already embraced the technology.

China has already started constructing eight AP1000, and hopes to have as many as 100 sending power throughout their country. In the US, only 14 AP1000 reactors are planned, pending approval, and the Obama Administration has only guaranteed funding for the first two.

At this point, it's still too early to tell if this contrast is an example of China eschewing strict regulation in a way that endangers its people, or if this is an instance of the US losing its competitive edge through a overly cautious administration

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electric filling stationOwning an electric car became a whole lot easier for Houston, TX, residents. The city plans to support these vehicles by issuing permits within hours for installing charging stations at home and designating special HOV lanes for electric cars. Additionally, the energy company, NRG Energy Inc., has announced that it will build a network of 150 charging stations for electric cars.

The stations will be dotted throughout the city in retail locations such as Best Buy and Walgreens stores and in public parking facilities. One third of the stations will be able to charge a vehicle in about 30 minutes; the rest will take about four to six hours.

Texas is one of the first states in the country slated to receive electric cars and Houston's charging network will be the first of its kind in the U.S. But NRG plans to build similar networks in other cities—next stop Dallas.

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